Influence of temperature on symptom expression, detection of host factors in virus infected Piper nigrum L.

Expression of symptoms in black pepper plants (Piper nigrum) infected with Piper yellow mottle virus (PYMoV) vary depending on the season, being high during summer months. Here, we explored the influence of temperature on symptom expression in PYMoV infected P. nigrum. Our controlled environment study revealed increase in virus titer, total proteins, IAA and reducing sugars when exposed to temperature stress. There was change in the 2-D separated protein before and after exposure. The 2-D proteomics LC-MS identified host and viral proteins suggesting virus-host interaction during symptom expression. The analysis as well as detection of host biochemical compounds may help in understanding the detailed mechanisms underlying the viral replication and damage to the crop, and thereby plan management strategies.

Reviewing host proteins of Rhabdoviridae: Possible leads for lesser studied viruses.

Rhabdoviridae, characterized by bullet-shaped viruses, is known for its diverse host range, which includes plants, arthropods, fishes and humans. Understanding the viral–host interactions of this family can prove beneficial in developing effective therapeutic strategies. The host proteins interacting with animal rhabdoviruses have been reviewed in this report. Several important host proteins commonly interacting with animal rhabdoviruses are being reported, some of which, interestingly, have molecular features, which can serve as potential antiviral targets. This review not only provides the generalized importance of the functions of animal rhabdovirus-associated host proteins for the first time but also compares them among the two most studied viruses, i.e. Rabies virus (RV) and Vesicular Stomatitis virus (VSV). The comparative data can be used for studying emerging viruses such as Chandipura virus (CHPV) and the lesser studied viruses such as Piry virus (PIRYV) and Isfahan virus (ISFV) of the Rhabdoviridae family.

Caracterización fenotípica de Staphylococcus epidermidis aislado de pacientes con endoftalmitis / Phenotypic characterization of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from patients with endophthalmitis

Objetivo: Conocer las características fenotípicas de Staphylococcus epidermidis aislado de endoftalmitis relacionadas con el implante de lente intraocular de metilmetacrilato, su capacidad para formar biofilm y adherencia a proteínas de matriz extracelular y poliestireno. Métodos: Se estudiaron cinco cepas de Staphylococcus epidermidis aisladas de enfermos con endoftalmitis posterior la extracción del cristalino con implante de lente intraocular. Se investigó si estas cepas se adhieren a poliestireno, a colágena tipo I y a fibronectina, así como si las bacterias eran formadoras de biofilm. Al final se extrajeron las proteínas de superficie de las bacterias y se analizaron por electroforesis en gel de poliacrilamida. Resultados: Se encontró que las cinco cepas se unieron al poliestireno y que lo hicieron con mayor eficacia en la fase de crecimiento exponencial, con máxima adherencia a los 105 minutos; las cinco cepas se adhirieron a fibronectina y solo dos (CV y EN) a colágena. Dos cepas (CV y EN) fueron débiles formadoras de biofilm. Se identificaron proteínas que por peso molecular corresponden con las informadas en la literatura como proteínas de unión a biomateriales. Conclusiones: Las cepas estudiadas al no ser formadoras de biofilm tendrían que ser consideradas no patógenas, pero cumplen con el paso inicial de la patogenicidad, la adherencia, además de que fueron aisladas de un proceso infeccioso intraocular y produjeron endoftalmitis cuando fueron inoculadas en ojos de conejo.

OBJECTIVE: To carry out the phenotypic characterization of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from endophthalmitis developed after cataract extraction and implantation of an intraocular lens. This bacteria produces a biofilm, adheres to polystyrene and host proteins such as collagen and fibronectine, significant virulence factors. METHODS: Five S. epidermidis strains were isolated from cases of endophthalmitis, they developed after crystalline extraction and implantation of an intraocular lens. We assessed if these strains adhere to polystyrene, to Type I collagen and to fibronectine and if bacteria produced biofilm. Finally, the bacterial surface proteins were obtained and analyzed using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. RESULTS: All five bacterial strains adhered to polystyrene, with a maximum adherence time of 105 min; they also displayed adherence to fibronectine but only two to collagen. Only two strains were weak biofilm producers. We identified proteins that by molecular weight are similar to those identified in the literature as proteins binding to biomaterials. CONCLUSIONS: As the strains that we studied were not biofilm-forming they should be considered as non-pathogenic. Nevertheless, they meet the initial criteria of pathogenicity and adherence, aside from being isolated from an intraocular infectious process and being able to provoke endophtalmitis when inoculated in rabbit eyes.

Proteínas del huésped incorporadas en el Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana tipo 1 (VIH 1) / Host proteins incorporated by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1)

El Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana (VIH), como la mayoría de los virus envueltos, toma esta estructura cuando abandona la célula infectada. El virus adquiere durante este proceso, junto con fragmentos de la membrana de la célula huésped, proteínas derivadas de la membrana celular como parte integral de la envoltura madura. Estos componentes de la envoltura viral derivados del huésped pueden ejercer algunos efectos en el ciclo de vida del virus, en la interacción virus-célula, especialmente en la respuesta del huésped a sus propias proteínas incorporadas por el virus y, finalmente, en la patogénesis de la enfermedad inducida por el virus. El rol de estas proteínas ha recibido cada día más atención, específicamente en la importancia que puedan tener en el proceso infeccioso viral y en le desarrollo del Síndrome de la Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida (SIDA). El objetivo de este artículo es hacer una revisión de las proteínas del huésped que son incorporadas por el VIH, haciendo énfasis en el rol potencial de estas proteínas en la patogénesis del SIDA.

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), as most of enveloped virus, acquires its envelope during the process of abandoning the infected cell. During this process, the virus acquires, along with segments of the membrane of the host cell, proteins derived from the cellular membrane as an integral part of the mature envelope. These components of the viral envelope derived from the host cell can exert some effects on the virus life cycle; on the virus-cell interaction, especially on the response of the host to its own proteins incorporated by the virus; and, finally, on the pathogenesis of the illness induced by the virus. The role of these proteins is getting more attention every day, specifically due to the importance they may have in the infectious viral process and in the development of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The goal of the present article is to revise the host proteins incorporated by the HIV, placing particular emphasis on the potential role of these proteins in the pathogenesis of AIDS...